Assessment
These resources examine why diversity is an important issue in psychological testing.
Books
Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. J., & Thorndike, R. M. (1973). Cross-cultural research methods. New York: Wiley & Sons.
This book discusses how to use factor analysis and other multivariate techniques in cross-cultural research.
Canino, I. A., & Spurlock, J. (2000). Culturally diverse children and adolescents: Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
Some of the relevant chapters are: “The Relationship between Social Class and Psychopathology,” “The Influence of Culture on Diagnosis,” “Culturally-Sensitive Psychological Assessment,” and “Alternate Assessment Strategies.”
Comas-Diaz, L.z & E. E. H. Griffith (Eds.), Clinical guidelines in cross-cultural mental health.New York: John Wiley.
Jacobsen chapter describes five stages of ethnocultural assessment.
Cuellar, I., & Paniagua, F. A. (Eds.). (2000). Handbook of multicultural mental health: Assessment and treatment of diverse populations. San Diego, CA: Academic.
A comprehensive book that discusses culture specific beliefs and the influence of culture on treatment and assessment.
Dana, R. H. (Ed.). (2000). Handbook of cross-cultural personality assessment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
This book discusses how practitioners can avoid biases in assessment when clients are from different racial or ethnic backgrounds.
Geisinger, K. F. (Ed.). (1992). Psychological testing of Hispanics. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Societal, educational, and clinical issues are discussed with regard to the psychological testing of Hispanics.
Gopaul-McNicol, S., & Armour-Thomas, E. (2002). Assessment and culture: Psychological tests with minority populations. San Diego, CA: Academic.
This book examines the intellectual, linguistic proficiency, academic performance, and other assessment measures of culturally diverse children.
Helms, J. E. (1991). Black and white racial identity attitudes: Theory, research, and practice. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
The author discusses the assessment of racial identity and reviews research where racial identity was an important variable.
Kurasaki, K., Sue, S., & Okazaki, S. (Ed.). (2002). Asian American mental health: Assessment theories and methods. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
The authors discuss assessment issues and mental health of Asian Americans.
Luther, M. G., Cole, E., & Gamlin, P. J. (1996). Dynamic assessment for instruction: From theory to application. North York: Captus University Publications.
Chapter by Weizmann claims to refute claims about racial differences in intellectual abilities.
Mertens, D. M. (2005). Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
A methodology textbook with sections on gender, race, ethnicity, and disability differences in meta-analysis, and cultural bias in qualitative data analysis.
Herrnstein, R. J., & Murray, C. (1994). Bell curve: Intelligence and class structure in American life. New York: Free Press.
Paniagua, F. A. (2005). Assessing and treating culturally diverse clients: A practical guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
This book gives guidelines for practice with culturally-diverse clients.
Pennock-Román, M. (1990). Test validity and language background: A study of Hispanic American students at six universities. New York: College Board.
A statistically oriented book that compares Hispanic students to non-Hispanic students on numerous variables.
Ponterotto, J. G., Casas, J. M., Suzuki, L. A., & Alexander, C. M. (Eds.). (2001). Handbook of multicultural assessment: Clinical, psychological, and educational applications (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
A large volume that covers multicultural research, theory, procedures, and psychological measurement, gender issues, higher education issues, and historical perspectives.
Rhodes, R. L. (2005). Assessing culturally and linguistically diverse students: A practical guide. New York: Guilford.
The authors address legal and ethical requirements involved in equity of assessment for culturally diverse groups. They also examine bilingual education and practical ways to conduct academic assessments.
Samuda, R. J. (1998). Psychological testing of American minorities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
The author claims to debunk many of the arguments presented in Murray and Herrnstein’s Bell Curve book.
Sandoval, J., Geisinger, K. F., & Frisby, C. (Eds.). (1998). Test interpretation and diversity. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
A psychometric guide for testing culturally diverse groups.
Valencia, R. R., & Suzuki, L. A. (2001). Intelligence testing and minority students: Foundations, performance factors, and assessment issues. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
The authors discuss the controversies of intelligence testing.
Journal Articles and Book Chapters
Bernal, G., & Scharró-del-Río, M. R. (2001). Are empirically supported treatments valid for ethnic minorities? Toward an alternative approach for treatment research. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 7, 328–342.
The authors examine how to establish empirically-supported clinical treatments for use with ethnic minorities.
Betz, N. E., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1993). Individuality and diversity: Theory and research in counseling psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 343–381.
Article reviews research on the influence of diversity on counseling and career psychology.
Braden, J. P. (1999). Straight talk about assessment and diversity: What do we know? School Psychology Quarterly, 14, 343–355.
The author discusses how between-groups differences influences assessment.
Clay, D. L., Mordhorst, M. J., & Lehn, L. (2002). Empirically supported treatments in pediatric psychology: Where is the diversity? Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27, 325–337.
Article appeared in a special issue on ethnic minority and low income children and families. The researchers reviewed past studies to determine if treatments for various problems addressed cultural variables.
Cole, N. S., & Moss, P. A. (1989). Bias in test use. In R. Linn (Ed.), Educational measurement, (3rd ed., pp. 201–219). New York: American Council on Education.
This chapter focuses on issues of test bias.
Figueroa, R. A. (1989). Psychological testing of linguistic-minority students: Knowledge gaps and regulations. Exceptional Children, 56, 145–152.
Article appeared in special issue on meeting the multicultural needs of the Hispanic students in special education. The author warns about errors in the testing of bilingual students.
Frisby, C. L. (1999). Straight talk about cognitive assessment and diversity. School Psychology Quarterly, 14, 195–207.
The author discusses alternative assessments for cultural diverse groups.
Greenfield, P. M. (1997). You can't take it with you: Why ability assessments don't cross cultures. American Psychologist, 52, 1115–1124.
Article describes the lack of validity when using tests for different cultures than for which the tests were developed.
Kramer, T., Evans, N., & Garralda, M. E. (2000). Ethnic diversity among child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) clinic attenders. Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 5, 169–175.
Study reports differences based on ethnicity in clinical referrals and diagnoses.
Madhere, S. (1998). Cultural diversity, pedagogy, and assessment strategies. Journal of Negro Education, 67, 280–295.
In a special issue on assessment in the context of culture and pedagogy, the author discusses how a model of cultural nesting model based on multicultural variables should be used to examine achievement test results.
Olmedia, E. L. (1981). Testing linguistic minorities. American Psychologist, 36, 1078–1085.
Author discusses why social, political, and economic variables should be considered when testing linguistic minorities.
Williams, R. L. (1975). The BITCH-100: A culture-specific test. Journal of Afro-American Issues, 3, 103–116.
The author developed the Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity (BITCH) to explore norms and validation of intelligence tests.
Wong, T. M., & Fujii, D. E. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment of Asian Americans: Demographic factors, cultural diversity, and practical guidelines. Applied Neuropsychology, 11, 23–36.
Article provides guidelines to help neuropsychologists who work with Asian American patients.